Fiji is an island nation in Melanesia within the South Pacific Ocean about 1100 nautical miles north-east of latest Zealand’s North Island. It contains an archipelago of over 332 islands, (of which one hundred ten are completely inhabited) and greater than 500 islets. The 2 main islands are Viti Levu and Vanua Levu which account for about 90% of Fiji’s inhabitants of about 300000. Suva, the capital of Fiji is situated in Viti Levu. Many of the Fijian islands formed by volcanic exercise which began some one hundred fifty million years in the past. Virtually 40% of Fiji’s inhabitants consisted of individuals of Indian origin or “Indo-Fijians”, introduced in as contract labourers with the British occupation, who’ve had a serious say in issues of governance previously. Nearly all of the indigenous Fijians are Melanesians of Polynesian descent. Nevertheless, two coups in 1987, led to a serious Indo-Fijian emigration resulting in their numbers being lowered to vastly lesser numbers than indigenous Fijians. For not having a democratically elected Authorities, Fiji was suspended in 2009 from the “Pacific Islands Forum”, in addition to from the “Commonwealth of Nations”.
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Having an abundance of forest, mineral and fish assets, Fiji has a very good tourism business and sugar exports (sugarcane symbols additionally determine on Fiji’s emblem amongst others). From 1867 to 1873, the foreign money of Fiji was the Fijian greenback sub-divided into a hundred cents. Between 1873 and 1969, the Pound was the foreign money of Fiji. It was subdivided into 20 shillings, with 1 shilling being additional equal to 12 pence. In 1934, Fiji began minting its personal coins, as there was a break within the parity with the pound sterling throughout the good Depression of the thirties and a number of other currencies had been devalued. At this level, 1.Eleven Fijian Pound was equal to at least one pound sterling. Coins within the denomination of ½, 1 and 6 pence and 1 shilling and two shillings (florin) had been circulated. Once more, in 1942 and 1943, the San Francisco Mint within the USA minted coins within the denomination of 1/2, and 1 penny (all in Brass), and 6 pence, shilling and florin coins (all in 90% silver). In 1947, a dodecagonal three pence (nickel-brass) coin was launched.
Between 1953 and 1957, the silver composition was changed with cupro-nickel coins. In 1969, coins had been launched within the denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 cents. In 1871, one pound Banknotes have been issued at Levuka on the Island of Ovalau. In 1873, Banknotes have been issued in denominations of 5 and ten shillings and one and two pounds by the Fiji Banking and Industrial Firm. In 1876, the Financial institution of recent Zealand issued Banknotes in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 pounds. In 1901, the Financial institution of latest South Wales issued 1 pound Banknotes. In 1917, throughout World Warfare I, as a wartime emergency measure, 1 pound Banknotes had been launched. In 1920, 5 and 10 shillings Banknotes have been issued. In 1934, 20 pound Banknotes had been issued. In 1939, throughout World Battle II, one penny, and one and two shillings Banknotes had been issued. In 1967, when the Pound Sterling was devalued the Fijian Pound stood at 104.10 Fijian pounds to one hundred pound sterling.
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This additional devaluation, led to the Fijian Pound transferring away farther from the Pound sterling and nearer to the Australian and New Zealand currencies. On 15.01.1969, the Fijian Pound was changed by the Fijian dollar at an alternate price of 1 Fijian Pound to 2 Fijian dollars. The brand new Fijian greenback was almost equal to the brand new dollars in Australia and New Zealand. The wheel had thus, turned a full circle after about 96 years of British Rule. Traditionally, in 1867, the Banknotes of the primary greenback have been issued with the federal government Treasury issuing 1 greenback Banknotes. 5 Banknotes throughout this interval. From 1871 to 1969, Banknotes of the British pound had been the foreign money of Fiji as detailed elsewhere above. 5 Banknote denominations had been circulated. In 1974, the Central Financial Authority of Fiji issued the identical denominations as those issued in 1969, besides that, the 50 cents Banknote was changed by a coin. 1 Banknote was changed by a coin.
50 Banknote was circulated. One hundred denominated Banknote was issued. The Entrance of all of the Banknotes of this Collection depicts the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, the Coat of Arms or Emblem of Fiji, and the “domodomo” (or canoe masthead). 2 Banknote additionally reveals a “mohar” or “sovereign locket” (In India, a “mohar” means a “seal” or a “stamp”. The color of this Banknote is inexperienced and its dimension is 131 mm x67 mm. 2 Banknote reveals the Nationwide Stadium in Suva, the Korobas Mountains and youngsters. Along with the standard options, this Banknote reveals a “Kaka” an endangered species of parrot present in Fiji. 2 Banknote exhibits ethnic Fijians and this Banknote promotes tourism. 5 Banknote additionally exhibits “Katoni Masima”. The color of this Banknote is brown and its measurement is 136 mm x 67 mm. 5 Banknote reveals Mount Valili, Fiji Crested Iguana, Balaka palm and Masiratu flower.
The color of this Banknote is purple and its dimension is 141 mm x 67 mm.
Fiji Crested Iguana: or “Brachylophus vitiensis” is a critically endangered species of iguana native to a number of the north-western islands of the Fijian archipelago the place it’s present in dry forest. The vast majority of this species in Fiji is discovered on the island of Yadua Taba, The Island is a Nationwide Belief of Fiji reserve and is thus the one legally protected inhabitants of the Fiji Crested Iguana. There are another Fijian islands the place the Fiji Crested Iguana has been discovered: Deviulau, Macuata, Mouriki, Monu, Malolo Levu, Waya and Qalito. The Fijian identify for iguana is “vokai” and generally it’s known as “saumuri”. Two tribes even regard the iguana as their totem. Balaka Palm: Balaka is a genus of seven species within the palm household (“Arecaceae” or “Palmae”). 5 of those are present in Fiji and two in Samoa. The color of this Banknote is purple and its dimension is 141 mm x 67 mm. 10 Banknote reveals Joske’s Thumb and Grand Pacific Lodge. Joske’s Thumb: is a volcanic plug that stands out within the skyline, being positioned about 15 kilometres west of Suva, Fiji.
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The peak is named after Paul Joske, considered one of Suva’s pioneer settlers who got here with the Australia primarily based Polynesia Firm in 1870. The sooner title for this mountain was “Rama” and it was additionally known as the “Devil’s Thumb”. As a matter of curiosity, Sir Edmund Hillary, the mountaineer, who scaled Mount Everest first, was unsuccessful in scaling Joske’s Thumb twice. Grand Pacific Lodge: This Lodge is situated on the primary sea entrance on Victoria Parade in Suva, Fiji. It was constructed by the Union Steamship Firm in 1914 to serve the wants of passengers on its transpacific routes. The rooms within the Lodge have been made like first-class staterooms, full with saltwater bathrooms and plumbing fixtures an identical to these of an ocean liner. The color of this Banknote is blue and its measurement is 146 mm x 67 mm. 20 Banknote reveals Mount Ului-nabukelevu, fish processing, lumber slicing, mining and a prepare.
Mount Ului-nabukelevu: Nabukelevu is a fancy of lava domes on Kadavu Island. 50 Banknote additionally reveals “Wasekaseka” or “Whale-tooth necklace”. The color of this Banknote is pink and its dimension is 151 mm x 67 mm. 50 Banknote exhibits a ceremonial presentation of “Tabua” (TubeTube) and “Yaqona Vakaturaga”. Tabua: A “Tabua” is a polished tooth of a sperm whale that is taken into account to be an necessary cultural merchandise in Fijian society. These have been given as gifts for atonement or esteem (known as “sevusevu”) and have been necessary throughout negotiations between rival chiefs. Yaqona Vaka-turaga: “Yaqona” is a sort of pepper plant whose root and stem are washed and dried collectively, then pounded right into a powder to be combined with water and filtered by a silk cloth. Yaqona is a central and historic a part of Fijian ceremony. Yaqona is consumed seated on a rectangular “Pandanus” mat. At one finish is a “Tanoa” (picket or clay mixing bowl).
One hundred Banknote additionally reveals a “Buli Kala” (Golden Cowrie).
The entrance space has “Magimagi” (coconut fibre rope) and cowry shells connected to the “Magimagi”. The ceremony begins with one particular person saying “Qai vakarau lose Saka Na Yaqona vaka Turaga” (“I will respectfully combine the Yaqona for the Chieftain”). That is adopted by “Qai darama saka tu na Yaqona Vakaturaga” (“With respect the Chief’s Yaqona is able to drink”). The others take part drinking after the Chief. After a number of different rounds of ceremonial gestures/drinking the Yaqona , the drinking ceremony ends with “Qai maca saka tu na Yaqona Vakaturaga” (“respectfully to you all, the Chief’s yaqona is finished”). One hundred Banknote additionally reveals a “Buli Kala” (Golden Cowrie). The color of this Banknote is yellow and its measurement is 156 mm x 67 mm. One hundred Banknote exhibits a Map of Fiji and Tourism. The brand new Collection of Coins and Banknotes changed the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II with Fiji’s endemic flora and fauna themes/designs, a few of the designs exhibiting flora and fauna discovered solely in Fiji whereas some are believed to be extinct. This can be a change as Fiji has been portraying members of the British Royal Household on Fiji’s Banknotes for the previous 78 years or so.
That is in response to a number of questions from politicians and strain teams that even after being declared a Republic, Queen Elizabeth II’s portrait remains to be persevering with on Fijian foreign money and it needs to be eliminated. The brand new Sequence focuses on conservation of Fiji’s biodiversity and creating consciousness of the threats to biodiversity. 2 coin had been launched in the brand new Sequence of Banknotes and coins. For the visually impaired customers, the Banknotes have assorted sizes and coins have completely different edges to help them in simple identification of varied denominations. 5 of the sooner Collection have been withdrawn from circulation on 31.03.2013, nevertheless, the opposite denominations are nonetheless authorized tender and can be taken out of circulation in a gradual course of. Alternatively, Madras Relics the sooner Sequence of Coins will proceed to circulate in tandem with the brand new Sequence. The Entrance of the 5 greenback polymer Banknote depicts Fiji’s endemic “Kulawai” (or “Red throated Lorikeet”) the smallest parrot present in Fiji. Predominantly inexperienced, the “Kulawai” is a really uncommon inhabitant of the mountain forest canopy which feeds on nectar and pollen. “Kulawai” has solely been sighted in Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni and Ovalau.
“Beli” are sometimes present in mid reaches of clear streams on all of the excessive islands.
Additionally featured on the Entrance backside is a “Kato ni Masima” (or “salt basket”). A polymer clear window with an “I-Taukei” man can also be seen on this Banknote. The color of this Banknote is inexperienced. The Again of the 5 dollar Banknote depicts Fiji’s endangered Crested Iguana, endemic “Balaka Palm”, “Masiratu flower” and “Mount Valili” in Vanua Levu. The Entrance of the Ten greenback Banknote depicts Fiji’s endemic “Beli” (or “Lever’s Goby”). “Beli” is without doubt one of the true freshwater fish, residing all its life in quick-working contemporary water because it flows over stones to which they usually attach. “Beli” are sometimes present in mid reaches of clear streams on all of the excessive islands. Their presence in any river is a sign of excellent habitat high quality and minimal catchment disturbance. As well as, a picture of “I Buburau-ni-bete” (duck dish) can be seen on this Face of the Banknote. The color of this Banknote is purple.
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The Again of the Ten greenback Banknote exhibits the Grand Pacific Resort in Suva in 1914 and the Joske’s Thumb within the background. The Entrance of the Twenty dollar Banknote exhibits one of many World’s iconic uncommon birds, the “Kacau ni Gau” (Fiji Petrel) which is understood to nest solely on Gau Island in Fiji. It’s believed that solely about fifty pairs of those birds survive at present. For a lot of its life, the “Kacau ni Gau” is a real ocean fowl and stays at Sea for months on finish. Adults return to Gau solely to breed in a burrow within the upland forests throughout evening and depart for the ocean earlier than daybreak. As well as, there’s a picture of a “Foa” (Rotuman coconut scraper) can also be featured on this Face of the Banknote. The color of this Banknote is blue. The Again of the Twenty dollar Banknote options fishing, forestry, sugarcane and mining industries of Fiji. Mount “Ului-nabukelevu” in Kadavu can be featured within the background.
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The Entrance of the Fifty greenback Banknote depicts the “Tagimoucia” (Medinella waterhousei) flower, which is Fiji’s greatest identified flower, having been advisable for being designated because the Nationwide Flower a number of occasions prior to now. The flower additionally figures in a number of songs, tales and people-lore. The identify “Tagimoucia” is synonymous with the plant in its house in upland Taveuni across the lake with the identical title. “Medinella waterhousei” can be discovered on “Mount Seatura” in Bua. Additionally seen on this Face is a picture of a “Wasekaseba” or “Whale-tooth necklace”. The color of this Banknote is crimson. The Again of the Fifty greenback banknote options a tradition and heritage theme with descriptions of a standard “Tabua” and “Yaqona Vakaturaga”. The Entrance of the Hundred greenback Banknote exhibits Fiji’s “Nanai” (Cicada). Fiji has the richest fauna of cicadas within the south-west Pacific with 19 species, all of that are endemic. Cicadas are well-known for his or her loud calls, a few of which resound by means of Fiji’s forests.
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“Maka” is the frequent Fijian identify for cicadas usually. “Nanai” is well-known to the inland communities of Viti Levu because it emerges in monumental numbers as soon as each eight years and isn’t seen in any other case. Additionally featured on the Entrance is a picture of a “Buli Kula” (Golden Cowrie). The color of this Banknote is yellow. The Again of the Hundred dollar Banknote exhibits a map of Fiji with 180 diploma Meridian Line marking the daybreak of a brand new day, smiling faces representing Fiji’s pleasant folks, a cruise boat for island hopping and vacationers snorkelling. A safety thread showing as a steady line with the letters RBF, RBF emblem tagaga and the denomination numeral written on the thread. The next Particular Commemorative Banknote has been introduced for assortment by Jayant Biswas who was visiting us in Pune a couple of days in the past. The Entrance of the 7 Dollars Banknote exhibits Fiji’s Olympian coach Ben Ryan sitting on Sigatoka Sand Dunes whereas the Olympic captain Osea Kolinisau is seen operating with the ball.
The Queen’s portrait is an earlier one designed by Raphael David Maklouf.
Within the background is the Nationwide Flag of Fiji. There are photographs of the Olympic Gold medal and the Reserve Financial institution of Fiji’s emblem in OVI together with the Fijian Coat of Arms. The Again of the 7 Dollars Banknote exhibits Fiji’s 7s Gold Olympians with Prime Minister Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama and group officials, Reserve Financial institution of Fiji’s emblem and “domodomo” (a horned masthead). In 1990, new compositions ere launched with copper-plated zinc for 1 and a couple of cents and nickel plated steel for 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents. 1 coin was circulated. In 2009, smaller 5 to 50 cent coins have been circulated. The next is a set of coins issued by Fiji in 2010, which depict the Queen’s portrait for the final time, earlier than a brand new Sequence of Coins was launched with out the Queen’s bust. 1 coins, which have been the final points with the Queen’s portrait on them. The Queen’s portrait is an earlier one designed by Raphael David Maklouf. The Reverse of the 5 Cents coin reveals a Fijian drum “Lali”. The coin specs are: Steel Composition: Cupro-Nickel; Weight: 2.Eight gms; Diameter:19.35 mm; Form: Spherical; Edge: Reeded.
The Reverse of the ten Cents coin reveals a “Ula Tava Tava” or a Throwing Membership. The coin specs are: Metallic Composition: Cupro-Nickel; Weight: 5.6 gms; Diameter 23.6 mm; Thickness: 1.71 mm; Form: Spherical; Edge: Reeded. The Reverse of the 20 Cents coin reveals a “Tabua” (a Sperm Whale tooth) suspended from a series of looped Sennit fibre, or “magi-magi” (which is a Coconut fibre). That is used as a ritual current. The coin specs are: Metallic Composition: Nickel plated steel; Weight: 4.Sixty eight gms; Diameter 24.Zero mm; Thickness: 1.Sixty two mm; Form: Spherical; Edge: Plain. The Reverse of the 50 Cents coin reveals a standard Polynesian crusing boat. The coin specs are: Metallic Composition: Cupro-Nickel; Weight: 15.Fifty five gms; Diameter 31.5mm; Form: Spherical with Dodecagonal (12-sided) border on each sides; Edge: Plain. 1 coin reveals a “Saqamoli”, which is an indigenous water-bottle. The coin specs are: Metallic Composition: Aluminium Bronze; Weight: 8.Zero gms; Diameter 23.Zero mm; Form: Spherical with 8-sided border on each sides; Edge: Plain. In 2013, a brand new Collection of coins was launched with fauna themes and with out the Queen’s bust. 2 coin for the primary time. The obverse of the 5 cents coin exhibits a “Nuqa-roro” (bi-color Rabbitfish). Found in Fiji’s waters, this distinctive species has since been discovered from Tonga to New Caledonia, however stays comparatively unusual all through its vary. It’s an algae feeder and is way wanted by Aquarium homeowners and is in want of conservation inside its habitat. The reverse of the 5 cent coin reveals a “Lali” (drum).
Thus it is going to stay a perennial supply for narrating the story of dharma so long as Solar and Moon final. Music composers, pravachanakaras and folks artists have been taking the story of Rama to the multitudes of illiterate folks. Temple builders, sculptors and painters have constructed tons of of temples and sculpted photographs and painted footage of Sri Rama. The enchanting story of Sri Rama crossed the Indian Oceans and influenced the every day life and tradition of the inhabitants in Java, Ceylon, Thailand, Cambodia, Bali, Borneo and different international locations. Even as we speak the coronation title of King of Thailand is Sri Rama. The kings of historic India didn’t lag behind in paying homage to Sri Rama. Along with different mediums, they chosen coinage as a medium to precise their respect to Sri Rama. Such coins, which include Sri Rama on one aspect, are usually known as Ramatanka or Rama tanki. Such coins have been minted in numerous metals corresponding to gold, silver, brass, bronze and copper. In course of time gold coins grew to become uncommon yielding place to silver and copper and at most conventional houses silver Ramatankas have been worshipped.
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